你是爸爸吗？

Decided to write in English for my blog for a change, before i lose touch... Anyway, this is a article from my net friend, well...to visit his blog, do Jump out of the box into Loh's space. This article actually happens in old singapore...These was our experiences and stories to be told to our young. . Those who needs me to translate to 中文, please leave your comments and I will try my best...

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History of Singapore in layman’s terms

Singapore in the 60s: 

• Singapore was still very poor with GNP per capita of less than S$400.
  • Put it simply, an operator working in a factory was earning between S$2.50 to S$3.00 a day.
  • A forelady or foreman was earning between S$3.50 to S$4.50 a day.
  • A supervisor was paid on monthly payroll of around S$300.00.
  • A manager was paid between S$300.00 to more than S$1k.
  • Earning S$1k was a dream that’s hard to come by for most Singaporean at that point in time.
• It was a period of massive unemployment, i.e. many people were out of jobs. There was a saying among the Chinese educated students – 毕业就是失业 meaning graduation is equivalent to jobless.
  • Gangsters or the so-called ‘secret societies’ were rampant then.
  • Organized crimes such as robbery, collection of protection money (kua tao lui in hokkien) and gang clashes were almost a daily affair.
  • Kidnappings were also quite rampant and were serious threat to the rich at that time.
  • Some Gangs used numbers to name their group.
  • The major gangs were 08, 24 108, 32, 36, and 369 etc. Other notorious gangs were 红白虎，红顺堂，海洛山，龙虎山，白金龙，死党，小黑龙.
  • They controlled illegal activities such as BARs, 4D lotteries, chiap-zhi-ki, opium dens, brothels and gambling dens.
  • Even women gang such as 红蝴蝶(Red Butterfly Gang) was also one of the dominant gangs at that era. All these gangs were very active in red light areas like, Desker Road, Johor Road, Bugis Street, Queen Street (小坡三马路），Gong Siak Street恭锡街and Geylang etc.
  • Most people, hawkers, bar-girls, prostitutes and businessmen were victims of the gangs, as they had to pay the gang-in-charge of the area a fix sum of money as their protection fees so that they were safe to remain in their businesses.
  • Food prices then were considered quite cheap. 10 pieces of ‘yong-tow-foo’ or a bowl of ‘wan-ton mee’ cost only $0.30. A plate of ‘Char-siew fun’ was only $0.70. The food those days were, somehow, more tasty.
• The main transport was bus service.
  • A trip of journey cost you from $0.05 to $0.20.
  • Some famous bus services were Hock Lee Bus Service, Tay Koh Yat Bus Service, Green Bus Service and the STC Bus Service.
  • Taxi was considered a luxury for a normal folk in Singapore then. 
  • A replacement to it was the pirate taxi – a private car plying the road like a taxi illegally, charging $0.30 to $0.50 per trip depending on the distance travelled.
• To solve unemployment problems in 1961, EDB was set up and the Jurong Industrial Estate was born. Most of the industries sep up were labor-intensive.

简易韩国泡菜的作法

制作韩国泡菜有以下五个大步骤：

一、准备材料基本的材料有：白菜、萝卜、盐、辣椒粉、大蒜、生姜、洋葱、水果、咸虾酱、鱼露、韭菜、葱、干果、鱼干等，比如水果、干果选择的多样性，所以各人做出来的泡菜有各家独特的味道，不可能完全一样。水果一般选用苹果、梨、菠萝、石榴等，干果一般选用杏仁、丁香、松子、栗子等，根据自己的情况使用，买不到就不加，做菜要变通...

二、初步腌制白菜 初步的腌制是指白菜要先用盐水腌制一个晚上（约十小时）使其有咸味并帮助白菜去掉多余的水分。

三、腌制辅料 这就是整个制作过程中较繁锁的步骤，泡菜的口味就取决于此哦。这一步要将除白菜外的所有材料腌制在一起，再将其抹在白菜上。

四、装入密封容器 泡菜要紧紧地塞在容器里，并且把容器内的空气排出防止腐败。

五、等待发酵 制作好的白菜要先在室温下发酵一至两日再移入冰箱内发酵数日。

材料：

大白菜一棵白萝卜一根苹果一个梨一个葱白一段韭菜一小把芹菜三根洋葱一个生姜一块大蒜五瓣盐160克辣椒粉250克（不推荐印度辣椒粉）鱼露30毫升咸虾酱两勺柴鱼干一大勺丁香少许干枣几粒杏仁片少许

做法：

1、如图将白菜平均地分为四等分

2、将其中80克倒入一干净无油的大容器中并倒入冷开水溶解。

3、将剩下的70克盐均匀地抹在白菜每片叶子的根部，然后将白菜浸入盐水中。

4、找个重物压在盐水中的白菜上使其不会浮上来，我就用塑料袋装了水后压在白菜上，使白菜在盐水中浸泡一个晚上、大约10小时。

 5、将腌过的白菜从盐水从取出用水快速地冲洗后放在筛漏中沥干水分，此时制作腌制的辅料。

6、把白萝卜洗净后切成小手指般长度的萝卜丝

7、将剩下的10克盐放入萝卜丝拌匀，10分钟后倒掉水分

8、将250克辣椒粉倒入萝卜丝中拌匀

9、把姜、蒜、洋葱分别用料理机磨成泥或剁成细碎

12、把鱼露和咸虾酱倒入萝卜丝中拌匀，买不到也可不放

13、把柴鱼干、丁香、杏仁、大枣（切丝）等干果一起放入萝卜丝中拌匀

14、把韭菜、芹菜、葱白切段放入萝卜丝中轻轻拌匀（这些东西是最后放的，放太早据说是有蔬菜的生臭味）

15、在一个大碗上套上干净的塑料口袋备用

16、戴上手套把拌好的辅料用爪子均匀地抹在白菜的每片叶子上

希望大家会喜欢！！！